Bottle Gourd Cultivation in Pits, Summer Technique

Bottle Gourd Cultivation in Pits, Summer Technique by MetalFarmer Pritham D'Souza

From Bottle Gourd Cultivation in Pits, Summer Technique

Bottle Gourd (Lagenaria siceraria) is one of the most widely consumed vegetable crops grown in Dakshina kannada district. its also called Thure (Tulu), Bobley (Konkani) and Soorae kai (Kannada). It has several uses from preparing different kinds of sweets, hail oil (from seeds), hard shells used as floats in fishing nets and also in making some musical instruments.

The hybrid varieties can yield up to 8 to 10 tonnes per acre and is a commercially viable croo

From Bottle Gourd Cultivation in Pits, Summer Technique

LAND PREPARATION

• the land selected here is a hillock and pits are made at the base of the hillock as shown
• a bucket of fresh decomposed farm yard manure is added to each pit and soil mixed well
• stones, twigs, inert matter etc are removed
  
• 3 or more seeds are then sowed in each pit
• after germination, once the seedlings reach 4 leaf stage, thinning out is done and only 2 seedlings per pit allowed

From Bottle Gourd Cultivation in Pits, Summer Technique

From Bottle Gourd Cultivation in Pits, Summer Technique

From Bottle Gourd Cultivation in Pits, Summer Technique

From Bottle Gourd Cultivation in Pits, Summer Technique

From Bottle Gourd Cultivation in Pits, Summer Technique

IRRIGATION AND MANURING

• since they are grown in pits, wastage of water is prevented
• light irrigation is a must after seeds are sowed and till transpanting
• dried leaves act as an excellent mulch and prevent loss of water due to evaporation
• its always recommended to give the crop nutrients in split doses.
• on the 20th day after germination, when the growing vines begin to develop, farm yard manure, decomposed, can be added to each pit @ 5kg per pit (minimum requirement)
  
• the fully grown plant requires a lot of water and so mulching is required

From Bottle Gourd Cultivation in Pits, Summer Technique

From Bottle Gourd Cultivation in Pits, Summer Technique

From Bottle Gourd Cultivation in Pits, Summer Technique

From Bottle Gourd Cultivation in Pits, Summer Technique

From Bottle Gourd Cultivation in Pits, Summer Technique

From Bottle Gourd Cultivation in Pits, Summer Technique

FLOWERING AND HARVEST

• bottle gourds are ready to harvest after 50 days from first day of sowing
• the edible fruits are the ones whose skin color facing the sun is green
• harvesting must be done using a knife.

From Bottle Gourd Cultivation in Pits, Summer Technique

From Bottle Gourd Cultivation in Pits, Summer Technique

From Bottle Gourd Cultivation in Pits, Summer Technique

SOME IMPORTANT TIPS AND POINTS WHEN GROWING BOTTLE GOURDS

• when manuring with fresh decomposed manure, care should be taken to see that the manure is added to the root zone area only and not on top of the plant as it might damage the leaves
• weeding is very important and tall growing weeds above the growing vines should be oulled out
• application of too much Nitrogen will result in excessive biomass and subsequently less yields
• application of too much Nitrogen will also produce more male flowers which is not desired
• deficiency of K (potassium) in soils reduces plant growth significantly and causes flower and fruit drop
• soil temperature is very essential and germination of seeds wont take place if soil temp is less than 10 degrees centigrade
• excess temperature over 40 degrees centigrade can cause scorching of leaves

Note: the pale green color on one side of the fruit is because that part did not receive sunlight and it is nothing to worry about, the taste and quality is not compromised.

From Bottle Gourd Cultivation in Pits, Summer Technique

all photos and data by Pritham 'MetalFarmer' D'Souza

Bottle Gourd grown in Pits at the base of Hillock

Bottle Gourd grown in Pits on slope to facilitate greater vine length and movement at padval farms kinya mangalore



video and data by Pritham Dsouza

Bottle Gourd Seedlings and Transplanting in Hydroponics

Bottle Gourd Seedlings and Transplanting in Hydroponics by Pritham "Metal Head" D'Souza

Bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria) is a widely grown tropical vegetable which has high carbohydrate content. oil can be extracted from the seed kernel and is used in hair care products. the hard shells of the bottle gourd can be used as utensils, or floats in fishing nets and even musical instruments, due to its resonating property.

i decided to try n grow bottle gourd using simplified hydroponics.


the above pic shows bottle gourd germination in plastic tub. i had sowed the seeds on jan 31, 2009 & germination took place within 3 days.

a perfect seedling of bottle gourd 3 days old


the above pic was taken when 3 leaf stage was observed. date was 10th january, 9 days after germination.


very well defined growth

for the photos below , i had simultaneously sowed 12 seeds in a germinating tray. when they were about 2 inches tall i decided to transplant them in growing tubs.

the above pic shows the substrate taking the shape of the germinating tray. looks like a peanut (chikki) sweet

one of the best photos i have taken. see clearly the well formed rooting network, clear and healthy


the actual size of the seedling for transplanting

hole dug using my thumb in the grow substrate

plugging the hole, so to speak


transplanting done.

a closer look at the leaves of the 3 leaf stage seedling shows some blackish residue. that is the bacteria gel solution i used during the initial stages of seedling growth. as the growth stage progresses, the residue(organic in nature) will disappear.

Bottle Gourd cultivation

Bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria) is a widely grown tropical vegetable which has high carbohydrate content. oil can be extracted from the seed kernel and is used in hair care products. the hard shells of the bottle gourd can be used as utensils, or floats in fishing nets and even musical instruments, due to its resonating property.

soil and climate
bottle gourds require well drained and sandy loam soils for its good cultivation. it cannot tolerate higher amounts of acidity, alkalinity or salinity. pH range is between 5 to 5.5 . when soil conditions are not optimum, then production of female flowers is greately affected.
ten days after sowing. thinning out has to be done & min of 2 seeds must be retained in every bed

21 days after sowing.

it can be grown almost in all climates, however, too much rainfall is not good. optimum temperature range is between 30 to 35 degrees during day. if temperature is very high, then more number of male flowers are formed thereby decreasing yield.

LAND PREPARATION, IRRIGATION AND FERTILIZER MANAGEMENT

Since we are discussing monsoon techniques for growing bottle gourds, the land selected must have good drainage. to attain this at least 3 repeated ploughings must be done. raised seed beds are made up to height of 30 cm & distance between beds must be maintained at minimum 2 meters.
irregular leaf shape is due to heavy rainfall & pest attack. spraying with systemic insecticides like dimethoate @ 1 ml per litre every week till plant is healthy is done.
lush green leaves indicates good nitrogen in the soil

in the presence of optimum sunlight, the leaves are able to prepare their own food & the plants appear much more healthy

irrigation is not given during monsoon , but when there is dry spell, light irrigation must be done just to replenish soil moisture. in summer irrigation is carried out thrice a week. if proper mulching is done, irrigation can be reduced to twice weekly.

the 3 photos above show the crop development after a 35 days after sowing. care must be taken to see that the growing vines are free from developing weeds, or it will hinder harvesting.

development of fruits, fruit setting seen


requires good amounts of organic manure. since it is a long duration crop, it is highly beneficial to add manures in split doses. bulky organic manures can be added to the soil every 20 days, while it is good to add complex fertilizers at least once every month.
it responds great to foliar applications as well. the number of female flowers can be increased using plant hormones like NAA, naphthalene acetic acid @ 1 ml per litre, just during flowering stage.
a healthy bottle gourd plant, which seems to be climbing. the vines can grow up to 20 feet, if left unchecked & hence thinning out is done to avoid overcrowding. also distance is maintained between beds for this reason

flowering can be observed. the plant continues to grow & the vines cover the complete area giving a carpet like appearance.

fruit setting in the above 2 photos

the green carpet cover

HARVESTING
bottle gourds can be harvested after 55 to 75 days after sowing. care must be taken while harvesting to see that proper tender and ripe fruits must be harvested. the developing tender fruits will have green color & the seed coat & rind are tender. it is best to harvest at this stage. sometimes , harvesting is done depending on the size it attains. smaller fruits are in great demand as compared to bug sized fruits.
when the color changes from green to white, the seed coat and rind hardens & then it becomes over ripe & unfit for consumption. such fruits are kept for formation of seeds, which can be extracted once the fruit completely dries up.


some varieties can yield up to 20 tonnes per hectare.

NOTE
In many cases, especially during monsoon, the growing vines are pruned to allow more lateral branching. vines which are bit old & semi hard are pruned to get the desired result. in some other cases, the vines are allowed to train on coconut ropes grown on bower of bamboo sticks. this is done to prevent the developing fruits from coming in contact with soil & rotting.

Photos and content by Pritham 'Heavy metal farmer' denzil dsouza